Topic 2.1 Ventilatory system
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ventilatory system (8)
• nose • mouth • pharynx • larynx • bronchi • bronchioles • lungs • alveoli
functions of the conducting airway (3)
• low resistance pathway for airflow • defence against chemicals • warming and moistening the air
pulmonary ventilation
inflow and outflow (atmosphere to lungs)
total lung capacity
volume of air left in lungs after max inhalation
vital capacity
max volume of air that can be exhaled after a max inhalation
tidal volume
the volume of air breathed in and out in any one breath
expiratory reserve volume
volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled
inspiratory reserve volume
additional inspired air over and above tidal volume
residual volume
volume of air still contained in the lungs after max exhalation
mechanics of the ventilation system
• diaphragm • intercostal muscles
chemical control of ventilation during exercise
• ventilation increases due to an increase in blood acidity levels • increase in carbon dioxide • increase in rate and depth of ventilation
neural control of the ventilation
stretch receptors muscle propriorecpectors chemoreceptors
stretch receptors
respond to stretching of the lungs during large inspirations
muscle propriorecpectors
give information to the working muscles
chemoreceptors
located in sensory organs
role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport
98.5% of oxygen is transported to make red blood cells