Evolution | Study Cards
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What did Aristotle believe in?
Believed in the Scala of Naturae & Believed that nonliving and living things are “fixed” and do not change over time. He also did not believe that species could go extinct/created.
Describe the Scala of Naturae
• A ladder like classification of nature from simplest –> complex. • Humans were at the top of ladder and even inorganic matter was included (fire, water, wood, etc)
What did Geoges Cuvier believe in & what was he the founder of?
He believed in the Theory of Catastrphe & he was the founder of Paleontology
What did the Thoery of Catastrophism establish
That extinction was a fact
What 2 things did Jean Baptise believe in?
Principle of Use and Disuse & Inheritance of Accquired Traits
Describe the Principle of Use and Disuse
The more an organism uses a trait the more it grows in that creatures lifetime. The less likely they use it the more likely it will be erased from a generation.
Describe the Inheritance of Acquired Traits
An Organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent accquired through use and disuse
What was Lamarck’s 3 Contributions?
1) All species change over time 2) New Characteristics are passed from one generaton to the next 3) Organisms change in response to their enviroment
What did Charles Darwin do on his voyage?
Observed that plants and animals adapt to their own enviroments
List the 3 influences on Darwin:
1) ) Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell: 2) Personal Observations 3) Essay on the Principle of the Population by T.Malthus
Describe natural selection
A mechanism for evolution
What are the 4 requirements for Natural Selection?
1) Natural Variation 2) Heritability 3) Differential Survival 4) Differential Reproduction
What is Natural Variation?
Individuals within the same species have variation
What is Heritability?
The only traits that can be inherited by offspring are ones that are genetic
What is Differential Survival?
Many offspring do not survive due to low resources
What is Differential Reproduction
All organisms can produce more offspring than the enviroment can support
What is the Malthus Principle
Every generation more offspring than the envroment can support
What was On the Origin of Species by Mean of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin about?
Proposed that all diversity of life is driven by Natural Selection & that all life on Earth is related to and evolved form a common ancestor
Is there a goal for natural selection?
no
Does natural selection create?
No, it only modifies & selects the best traits
List the 5 pieces of evidence for evolution
1) Fossils 2) Biogeogrpahical 3) Anatomical 4) Similarities in Embryos 5) Biochemical (DNA)
What can you prove with fossils?
You can trace the evolutionary ancestry of an organism
Describe Biogeography in reference to fossils
Provides info on how different groups may have evolved due to the geographic distributions of animals and plants
Describe anatomical in reference to fossils
All vertebrea forelimbs contain the same sets of bones ( Homologous Structures )