5. Respiration
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2 types of respiration
aerobic (with oxygen) anaerobic (without oxygen)
both types of respiration produce
ATP (although anaerobic produces less)
both types of respiration start with the process of
glycolysis (after this stages differ)
glycolysis involves
splitting 1 molecule of glucose (6 carbons) into 2 smaller molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons)
where does glycolysis happen
in the cytoplasm of cells
glycolysis doesnt need
oxygen to take place (anaerobic process,)
what are the two stages in glycolysis
phosphorylation and oxidation
glycolysis
• phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate 2 x ATP -> ATP + Pi • splitting of phosphorylated glucose in to 2 triose phosphate • oxidation of triose phosphate. hydrogen removed and transferred to NAD to form reduced NAD • triose phosphate -> pyruvate 2 x ADP + Pi -> ATP
glycolysis has a net gain of
2 ATP molecules and 2 reduced NAD
in anaerobic respiration the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted into
ethanol (plants and yeast) lactate (animal cells and some bacteria) Using reduced NAD
the production of ethanol or lactate in anaerobic repiration regenerates
oxidised NAD (glycolysis can continue even when there isn't O2 so a small amount of ATP can still be produced)