Molecular Genetics

a modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the end of a pre-mRNA molecule

a nucleotide triplet that is on one end of a tRNA molecule that base pairs with a particular complimentary codon on a mRNA

a virus that infects bacteria, a phage

linking enzyme in DNA replication, catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of one fragment and 5’ end of another

enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of DNA by adding new nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain

sequence in the primary transcript that remains in the RNA after RNA processing; region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed

an enzyme that untwists DNA at the replication fork, making two strands that are available to be template strands.

a small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure.

noncoding, intervening sequence, within a primary transcript that is removed during RNA processing

discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5’ –> 3” direction away from the replication fork.

new complimentary DNA strand that is synthesized continuously along the template strand towards the replication fork in the mandatory 5’ —> 3’ direction.

an enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few DNA or RNA bases or completely hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA into its component nucleotides

a short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, these segments are joined to make the lagging strand

site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.

organism that has a prokaryotic cell, an organism that has the domain Bacteria or domain Archaea

specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.

modification of RNA primary transcripts, includes the joining together of exons, splicing out of introns, and altering the 5’ and 3’ ends.

type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one parental strand and one newly made strand

a DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters critical in the transcription initiation complex

enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the length of telomeres by adding guanine-rich sequences

the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template

a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell

synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in a mRNA molecule