Organic Chamistry
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Definition of oil ?
A mixture of compounds called Hydrocarbon
What is an hydrocarbon ?
A compound of carbon and hydrogen only
A saturated hydrocarbon ?
Contains only single bonds
An unsaturated hydrocarbon has?
Contain carbon - carbon multiple bonds (alcohol is not an hydrocarbon)
What is the definition of an aromatic hydrocarbon ?
Contains a benzene ring of carbon atoms
What is the definition of an alipahtic hydrocarbon ?
Contains straight or branched carbon chain or rings but not a benzene ring
Definition of an alicyclic hydrocarbon ?
Contains rings of carbon atoms that are not benzene
Number of carbons and names ?
5- pent 6-hex 7-hept 8- oct 9 - non 10 - dec
Empirical formula ?
Simplest whole number ratio of atom of each element in a compound
General formula ?
Generalised molecular formula for the homologous series where n = number of chains
Molecular formula ?
Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
What is meant by structural isomers ?
Molecules with the same molecular formula and different structural/displayed/skeletal formula
Properties of isomers ?
• move functional group • changing functional group • moving of a carbon
Homologous series ?
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group,but with each successive member differing by CH2 each time
What is defined as the functional group ?
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its reactions
Explain why the boiling point increases down the alkane homologous series?
*alkanes are non polar molecules *carbon chain Mr increases ad there are more electrons *stronger london forces *more energy is required to break intermolecular forces
Wht is a free radical ?
A species with an unpaired electron
Type of bond fission involved in the formation of chlorine free radicals?
Homolytic bond fission
What is an electrophile and neutrophile ?
Electrophile - electron pair acceptor Neutrophile - electron pair donor
What are steroisomers ?
Same structural formula different spatial arrangement
Difference between E/Z isomers and Cis and trans
Cis and trans - hydrogen E/Z- highest priority group
Boiling point trends of saturated hydrocarbons isomers ?
*address the common Formula *boiling point decreases with increasing branching *fewer London forces dues to less surface contact *less energy to break London forces
Name of mechanism with chlorine in the presence of UV light ?
Free radical substitution
Suggest general formula for a carboxylic acid?
Cn H2n O2