Haematology Lecture 1

The study of the normal and pathological aspects of blood and blood elements.

➢ Bleeding disorders ➢Haematological malignancies ➢Haemoglobinopathies ➢ Blood transfusion ➢Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation

Bone marrow

Connective

➢Sticky, opaque fluid with metallic taste ➢Colour varies with O2 content High O2 - scarlet; low O2 - dark red ➢pH 7.35–7.45

Venous as it has less oxygen

Arterial

-transport -regulation -protection

-Delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells -Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination -Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs

-Maintaining body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat eg vasoconstriction or dilution -Maintaining normal pH using buffers; alkaline reserve of bicarbonate ions -Maintaining adequate fluid volume in circulatory system

-Prevents excess blood loss following injury Due to Platelets and Plasma proteins -prevents infection due to white blood cells(leukocytes), antibodies,complement proteins

-erythrocytes <45% of whole blood(haematocrit) <most dense component due to globular proteins -buffy coat <1%of whole blood contains the leukocytes and platelets -plasma <55% of whole blood <least dense component

-Water -Ions -Organic molecules such as amino acids,proteins,glucose,lipids or nitrogenous waste -trace elements and vitamins -gases such as co2 and o2

-Protein made in the liver -It also helps move hormones, medicines, vitamins, and other important substances throughout the body.

which help fight infection and move nutrients throughout the body. Some globulins are made by the liver.

Function is coagulation

-Red blood cells -white blood cells which include lymphocytes,monocytes,neutrophils,eosinophils, basophils -platelets

Represents the % of erythrocytes in whole blood 42% in female and 47 in men

-sense infections -make up to <1% of total blood volume -the function is defuse against disease -can leave capillaries via diapedesis -move through tissue spacers by ameboid motion and positive chemotaxis

Neutrophil Monocyte Basophil Eosinophil

Histamine

Secretion of antibodies

Lysis of virally infected cells and tumour cells

Release cytokines and growth factors that regulate other immune cells