The Living Body

line all surfaces of the body

connect parts of the body and provide support

transmits nerve impulses throughout the body

contracts to enable movement

feed on dead/decaying organisms ex. earthworms, sea cucumbers, insects

feed on plant tissue ex. parrotfish, rabbits, deer, polychaetas, aphids

feed on other animals, some actively seek out prey (lions, tigers, and bears oh my!) others sit and wait (snakes, spiders, ambush bugs)

feed on plants and animals ex. dogs, chimpanzees, raccoons, chickens, pigs

consume the blood/tissue of a host (technically this makes them carnivores so I don’t know why they have a separate catgory)

occurs within individual cells, occurs via phagocytosis in phagocytes, broken down parts are then released so other cells can use them

occurs outside of cells, food is broken down into small parts by the digestive system

there is one opening acting as the mouth and anus, the gastrovascular cavity is lined by endodermal cells that secrete digestive enzymes ex. cnidarians, ctenophores, platyhelminths

the mouth and anus are two separate openings, there is an alimentary canal

a one way tube for food

process of putting food into the digestive system through the mouth

mechanical process of chewing

nutrients from food are taken up through the small intestine and pass into the circulatory system

bony flaps that cover and protect the gills

consist of page-like tissues interspersed with pockets of air, found in arachnids

blood is contained and circulates in one direction, consists of arteries, veins, capillaries, and the heart as a central pump

consists of a central heart or dorsal blood vessel that pumps hemolymph into the hemocoel which bathes the cells and tissues

blood circulates from heart to gills

blood circulates from gills to the rest of the body

excess fluid in the body filtered out by lymphatic system