Carbonyl Compounds
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Carbonyl compounds are used as what ?
Reagents, solvents constituents of fabrics, flavorings, plastics and drugs
Naturally occurring carbonyl compounds include what ?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids that make up all the plants and animals
What are the simplest carbonyl compounds ?
Ketones and aldehydes
What is formaldehyde ?
The simplest aldehyde, with two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbonyl group
Why do ketones and aldehydes have high boiling points ?
What is imine
A compound with a carbon-nitrogen double bond
How is imine formed ?
By the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with a primary amine
What is a substituted imine often called ?
Schiff base
Why carboxylic acid has a higher boiling point than alcohols, ketones, aldehydes ?
What is an amide ?
Composite of a carboxylic acid and ammonia or an amine
An acid reacts with an amine to form what ?
An ammonium carboxylate salt
What happens when the ammonium carboxylate salt is heated to well above 100?
Water is driven off and an amide results
Formation of amide
What is nitrile ?
Contains a cyano group C triple bonded to N
Why is nitrile considered acid derivative ?
Even though it lacks the carbonyl group of acrboxykic acids, they hydrolyze to give carboxylic acids