Exam 2
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What are the first parts of the plant to emerge from a seed?
the radicle and plumule
What roles do roots play for plants?
-absorb water and nutrients -anchorage *additional function in some plants –> act as a storage organ for carbohydrates and starches
How are minerals and water absorbed by roots?
dissolved mineral nutrients and water required for growth are absorbed by the root hairs, which are extensions of the epidermal cells
Where is the zone of maturation on the root apical meristem?
top where the root hairs are; location where cells are mature
Where is the zone of elongation on the root apical meristem?
underneath the zone of maturation; where cells grow in length
Where is the zone of division on the root apical meristem?
above the root cap; where cells are actively dividing (undifferentiated)
Where is the root cap on the root apical meristem?
the tip of the root; where newly developed cells are protected from being damaged from soil debris
Root system facts
*the root system is about one-quarter to one-third of the total of the entire dry weight of any plant *the tap root usually grows downward and the branch roots grow downward or horizontally
What does the root hair do?
absorb water and nutrients
What does the epidermis do for the root?
protects the root
Root: Endodermis and Casparian Strip
act as a waterproofing layer & prevents water from escaping
Root: Xylem
moves water & nutrients
Root: Phloem
moves food (carbohydrates)
Root: Cortex
parenchyma cells for storage of water, gases and carbohydrates
What are adventitious roots and why are the important to AG?
*roots that are not where roots should normally be *used to propagate plants in Ag
What are the functions of stems?
support plants to capture sunlight
Stem: epidermis
protects the stem from desiccation (drying out)
Stem: Collenchyma
provides structure that can still bend
Stem: Parenchyma
storage of water, carbohydrates, gases, some photosynthesis
Stem: Primary Phloem
transports carbohydrates
Stem: Primary Xylem
transports water and nutrients
Stem: Procambium
producing new xylem and phloem
Stem: Pith Parenchyma
storage of carbohydrates and water
Stem: Cortex
storage of gases and water