Chapter 8
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The beginning point for all biochemical and metabolic processes that occurr in plants begins with photosynthesis.
True
What 3 elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharides
Single carbohydrate molecules.
Disaccharides
Two carbohydrate molecules linked together.
Oligosaccharides
More than two molecules but less than seven molecules linked together.
Polysaccharides
Combinations of seven or more molecules linked together.
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
The general formula for carbohydrates is one carbon, two hydrogen, and one oxygen. C(H2O)
Starch and cellulose differ only in the position of the OH group at carbon 1.
True
Starch
Slightly soluble in water and can be broken down easily by various organisms to the simple glucose molecule.
Cellulose
Insoluble in water and, when assembled into fibrils, provides the rigidity required for cell walls.
Sucrose
A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.
Lipids
A simple 3-carbon molecule, insoluble and important for energy storage in seeds.
Saturated fatty acids are generally considered to be more healthy than saturated in the human diet.
False
Saturated fatty acids have double bonds between carbon atoms thus leaving no more room for hydrogen.
False
Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds thus leaving room for attachment of one or more hydrogen atoms.
True
Which fatty acid is more likely to remain fluid at temperatures between 32oF and 55oF?
Unsaturated
Which fatty acid is more likely to be found in temperate plants than in tropical plants?
Unsaturated
Proteins are long chains of ________________ linked together that create complex ____________-dimensional molecules.
Amino acids & three
What elements do all amino acids have in common?
N, C, H, O
The following 8 amino acids are considered essential: methionine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and lysine. Why?
They cannon be synthesized by animals; thus, it is essential that animals obtain these amino acids from plants.
What are two protein-rich seeds?
Two of the most protein rich seeds are pumpkin and chia seeds. While peanuts and soy are great due to the availability and ease of growth in North America, however these are two of the best for overall protein.
The function of adenosine triphosphate or ATP in organisms is to provide energy for biochemical reactions.
True
______________________ carry the genetic information to create all proteins needed to build and maintain the organism.
Chromosomes
The plant’s need for __ for phospholipids and nucleotides explains why it is a common ingredient in fertilizers.
N