Anatomy And Physio

A group of cells performing a common function. The study of tissue is histology

Functions as a covering of either the inside or out of the body Example- skin or the lining of the respiratory tract

Cuboidal - square Columnar -long rectangles Squamous- fish scale This can be simple or stratified Simple- single layer Stratified- multiple Example- skin is stratified squamous epithelium

Nervous- carries out transmission Muscle- carries our movement

Has various function- depending on tissue type Loose connective Dense connective Adipose connective (mostly fat, white) Cartilage Bone Blood Fiber is the general characteristic of connective tissue

Protection Movement Mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus) Production of blood (red and white bone marrow)

Osteoblast- creating new Osteoclast- breakfast down

Axial- skull, vertebral column, and ribcage and sternum Appendicular skeletal- arms and legs

Tendon- muscle to bone Ligament- bone to bone

Movement Antagonist and synergistic Process of contraction required calcium and during fatigue lactic acid builds up in the muscle

Muscles are made Bundles of muscle fiber Muscle cells are made of bundles of myofibrils Myofibrils are made up of sarcomeres which are made up of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) which helps develop the sliding filament model

Smooth lining of the blood vessels, the iris, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and lungs Striated includes skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

1) sensory (afferent)- sending and processing info from-hearing, seeing, touch, etc. 2) motor (efferent)- sending signals to muscles to make them move

The synapse- singles transmission occurs- between two neurons or neuron to a muscle (neuromuscular junction) Neurotransmitter- chemical which are stored in synapse and released into synaptic cleft and diffused across fo send a single to the next cell Acetylcholine binds to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane Extra acetylcholine broken down by enzymatically or reabsorbed

Toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles

Antibodies Block Acetylcholine receptors- muscle weakness

Minimum stimulus required for activation is referred to a threshold stimulus Resting potential -70 millivolts (K+ internal low Na+) Positive charge action potential

Brain and spinal cord

Surrounds the brain and spinal cord Meningitis- infection/inflammation of the meninges

Autonomic- involuntary, heartbeat, digestion, breathing-usually involves smooth and cardiac muscles - sympathetic - usually accelerated - parasympathetic - slows things down Somatic-voluntary skeletal muscle

Certain movements involve sensory information which is not processed by the brain. The reason is speed- reflexes are faster because a signal does not have to be sent up to and then return from the brain. Instead are processed by the spinal cord

Cerebrum- processing sensory info and memory Cerebellum- receives information and from muscle and sensory receptors, controls balance and coordinated movement Brain stem- controls many autonomic functions such as breathing and heart beat

Cutaneous receptors in the dermis just below the epidermis detect sensation such as pressure, heat, and cold

Cornea- front of the eye. The chamber between cornea and iris is the fluid-filled anterior chamber