5: Alcohols
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What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1
If there are 2 or 3 OH groups in an alcohol, what will the suffix be?
Diol Triol
What is a primary alcohol?
An alcohol where the OH is attached to one carbon only.
What is a secondary alcohol?
The carbon that the alcohol is attached to is bonded to 2 other carbons
What is a tertiary alcohol?
An alcohol where the carbon that the OH is bonded to is bonded to 3 other carbons.
How can we make alkenes from alcohols?
By eliminating water
Name the reaction where water is eliminated from an alcohol to form alkenes.
Dehydration
What conditions are needed for dehydration of alcohols?
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst Warm
• In dehydration, name the substance that attacks the lone pairs on oxygen. What charge does this give the oxygen?
H+ This gives the oxygen a positive charge.
• In dehydration, why does H2O break off?
The positive oxygen draws electrons from the carbon onto it, so H2O breaks off the alcohol.
• In dehydration, what type of molecule remains once the H2O breaks off?
Carbocation
• In dehydration, what atom does the carbocation lose to form an alkene?
H
Why does dehydration of unsymmetrical alcohols lead to more than one product?
The double bond can go either side of the carbon that had the OH group on it.