Peridoic Table

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all materials

An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join(bond together) chemically

When a molecule is made up of two or more different types of elements chemically combined

The atom is made up of smaller particles called sub-atomic particles

Protons, neutrons and electrons

The atomic number tells you how many protons there are in one atom of the element

The mass number tells you how many protons and neutrons there are in the atom

All the alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell

Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K)

When an alkali metal such as lithium is added to water it floats and forms a ball shape

When alkali metals are cut a shiny surface is revealed but this surface quickly goes dull again as the metal reacts with oxygen in the air forming the metal oxide

Beryllium(Be), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca) All elements in this group have two electrons in their outer shell

They have seven electrons in their outer shell, including Fluorine(F) and Chlorine(Cl)

The elements in group 8 are all gases and have full outer shells of electrons in their atoms

Helium(He), Neon(Ne) and Argon(Ar)

When atoms lose or gain electrons they become charged particles and are called ions

A compound forms when two different elements combine

Ionic bonding produces a compound that is formed from a metal and non-metal and is mad up of ions. This occurs when one atom loses electrons and another atom gains electrons.

Covalent bonding produces a compound formed from non-metals in which each atom shares electrons with another atom

Every compound has a formula - it tells you the type and number of atoms present in a compound. The chemical formula is made up of letters and numbers e.g. H20, CH4

When a metal and a non-metal are combined the resultant compound is called after the name of the metal followed by the name of the non-metal with its ending changed to “-ide.”

They surround the atom and orbit the atom

They are found in the nucleus