Skeletal System
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What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system?
-axial and appendicular skeleton
What are the 4 main types of bone?
Long Short Flat Irregular
What bones are part of the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, hyoid bone
What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?
Limb bones, scapula, clavicle, pelvis
What are the 3 types of joints?
Synovial Fibrous Cartilaginous
Movement of synovial joints and examples
Ball and socket, hinge, and pivot joints (knee, elbow, hip, shoulder)
Movement of fibrous joints and examples
Not movable ( Joints of the bones in the skull)
Movement of cartilaginous joints and examples
When two bones meet at a connection made of cartilage and are partially movable (joints between vertebrae in the spine)
What are do ligaments connect?
Bone to bone
What do tendons connect?
Muscles to bone
What are the 2 main types of bone tissue?
Spongy Compact
Characteristics/location of spongy bone
Less dense Contains bone marrow Located at the ends of bone
Function of bone marrow
Site of RBC (erythrocyte) and lymphocyte production
Characteristics of compact bone
Dense Supports the body and stores calcium
Structure of the long bone
Diaphysis Epiphysis Periosteum Epiphyseal plate
What is the diaphysis (long bone) ?
Characterized as the cylindrical shaft of the long bone Composed of compact bone which surrounds a hollow cavity containing bone marrow
What is the epiphysis (long bone)
Dilated ends of the long bone Composed of spongy bone surrounding a layer of compact bone
What is the epiphyseal plate (long bone)?
Located between the diaphysis and epiphysis The growth plate that is the site of new bone growth
What is the periosteum?
Fibrous sheath the surrounds and protects the bone
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Builds bone
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Break bone down
What are osteocytes?
Type of bone cell Responsible for sensing mechanical stress and regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Are bones vascularized (what does that mean)?
Yes; is supplied blood
What are osteons?
Cynlindrical structures comprised of concentric rings of a mineralized matrix known as lamellae