Lecture 15-17 Review
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Give the 5 phyla of Archaea:
• Euryarchaeota • Thaumarchaeota • Nanoacrhaeota • Korarchaeota • Crenarcheaeota
Give 6 common traits in all Archaea
• evolution of archaea is driven by horizontal gene transfer b/w phyla • ether linked lipids • lack of peptidoglycan in cell walls • structurally complex RNA polymerases • RNA polymerases resemble eukaryotic enzymes • chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms
Describe euryarchaeota characteristics
• halophillic (salt-loving) • some are obligate aerobes • some are methanogens (the strictest of anaerobes) • hyperthemophillic • acidophillic
Give and describe 2 organisms that represent halophilic euryarchaeota
• halococcus: largest plasmids in nature, 30% of total cellular DNA • Haloquadratum: have gas vesicles for floating in hypersaline environment
Certain euryarchaeota do not synthesize or accumulate organic compounds. Instead, what do they do?
They pump large amounts of K+ from the enviro into the cytoplasm = more K+ inside the cell than outside –> this maintains (+) water balance
Give 2 hyperthermophilic euryarchaeota
• thermococcus • thermoplasma
Thermoplasma is a hyperthermophilic organism that has a ___(small/large) genome. Its DNA is in globular ___-like structures, and it has a ______ cell wall built like lipid monolayer with mannose & glucose
small eukaryotic lipoglycan
Methanogens=
microorganisms that produce methane (CH4) as an integral part of their energy metabolism - they’re the strictest of anaerobes
The major source of biogenic methane in nature are _____
methanogens
Give 2 acidiophilic euryarchaeota organisms
Ferroplasma - cell-wall lacking, strong acidophile, uses Fe2+ as e- donor Picrophilus - more acidophilic than ferroplasma; grows optimally at pH 0.7
which organelles are derived from bacteria?
mitochondria chloroplasts hydrogenosomes
primary endosymbiosis gave rise to the ______ in the common ancestor of green algae, red algae, & plants
chloroplast