Wk 10- Functions Endocrine System
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What are the major endocrine organs? • Pituitary glands ~ ? and ? • Thyroid and ? • Adrenal glands • ? • Gonads ~ ? hormones
Anterior , posterior Parathyroid Pancreas Sex
Pituitary glands: connected to the hypothalamus Anterior = ? tissue , ? major hormones Posterior = ? tissue, ? hormones
Glandular , 6 Neural, 2
Anterior hormones: 1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (?) Acts on ? gland Causes release of T? T? increase ? rate ? Feedback control
TSH Thyroid T3,T4 Metabolic Negative
Anterior hormones: 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) Stimulates the release of s? hormone from ? cortex (? Glands) Affects gl? metabolism
Steroid, adrenal ,adrenal , glucose
Anterior hormones: 3. Growth hormone (?) Stimulates growth and maintenance of ? and b? via insulin g? factors (IGFs) ? Feedback control
GH , muscle and bone, growth Negative
Anterior hormones: 4. Prolactin (PRL) Stimulates m? gland development Initiates m? production • Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) E? and follicles in females T? in males
Mammary , milk Estrogen Testosterone
Anterior hormones: 6. Lutenising hormone (?) Induces ov? and stimulates estrogen and p? in females. T? in males.
LH, ovulation, progesterone Testosterone
Posterior hormones: 1. Anti diuretic hormone (?) Decreases water loss from k? Maintains water levels Inhibited by a?
ADH, kidney , alcohol
Posterior hormones: 2. Oxytocin (OT) Stimulates ? contraction in ? Promotes ? Ejection
Muscular ,uterus Milk
The thyroid gland: Located between larynx and ? L and R lobes form ? shape Secretes ~ 1. ? : Triiodothyronine 2. T4: ? Regulates BMR (?) and growth 3. Calcitonin ? blood ? Ion c?
Trachea Butterfly T3 Thyroxine Basal metabolic rate Decreases Calcium , concentration
Parathyroid: Located rear of thyroid 2 parathyroids on each lobe = ? Total Secretes~ Parathyroid hormone: ? Blood calcium concentration
4, increases
Adrenal glands: Located top of the ? Secrete 5 hormones in total , ? from the medulla and ? from the cortex.
Kidneys , 2 , 3
Adrenal glands: Adrenal medulla • E? • N?
Epinephrine - adrenaline Norepinephrine
Adrenal glands: Adrenal cortex~ • Glucocorticoid • Aldosterone (Bp maintenance by ?) • A? (male sex hormones)
Kidneys , androgens
The Pancreas: Located in the abdomino-pelvic cavity Both ? and ? function Ex?= digestive fluids En?= islets langerhans (alpha = secrete glucagon, beta = secrete ?)
Exocrine, endocrine Exocrine , endocrine , insulin
The Gonads: Organs produce g? and sex hormones Testes = secrete a? (Testosterone) Ovaries= produce ? and ?
Gametes Androgens Estrogen progesterone
Malfunction of growth hormone: Key cell in growth, increase rate of protein synthesis and ? growth. v GH= pituitary d? ^ before skeletal epiphyseal plates close = g? ^ ? skeletal epiphyseal plates close= acromegaly
Skeletal Dwarfism, gigantism, after
Malfunction thyroid hormones: Thyroid Hormone controls metabolic rate ^ TH= ^ metabolic rate + body temp= ? Disease v TH= v metabolic rate + body temp= impaired physical and mental development = c?
Graves , cretinism
Insulin : Across on cells of liver/ cardiac muscle/ skeletal muscle and brain. ^ insulin= hy? low blood glucose v insulin = hy? / insulin resistance can lead to ?
Hypoglycaemia Hyperglycaemia , diabetes
Insulin and diabetes: v insulin = type ? Beta cells X producing enough. Glucose remains in the ? and do not enter the ? Insulin resistance = type ? Target cells X respond to ? Glucose X enter ? and remains in the ?
1, blood , cells 2, insulin , cells , blood
Antidiuretic hormone: Decreases ? production 1-2 L produced with ADH, ?L produced without ADH = ? ADH causes kidneys to r? water Cause sweat glands to ? water loss Causes constriction of arterioles
Urine, 20L, dehydration Resorb , reduce