Exam 3 Bio
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how many bones in the body
206
what is bones primary purpose
structure and protection
what is the difference between compact and spongy bones
spongy - very porous compact - hard and non-porous
what are the three types of cartilages and characteristics
• hyaline - commonest, trachea • fibrous - discs between vertebrae • elastic - flexible, ear lobe
what are the five joints
• ball and socket into concave sic - hip and shoulder • hinge - spool-shaped - elbow, knee • pivot - rotation movement atlas - axis • fibrous - between skull bones (suture) • cartilaginous - between vertebral disc
what does ossification mean
gradual hardening of bones
is bone a living tissue
yes, it is constantly growing
can you tell the sex and approximate age from skeletal remains
yes sex by the pelvic bones will be wider for women age by shape and tissue
what is the purpose of the atlas and the axis
atlas rotates on axis
What are the functions and characteristics of the skin?
Functions: senses, waterproof, protection Characteristics: weighs about 6 pounds, elastic, waterproof
is the skin a non-selective or selective excretory organ?
non-selective
how does the skin aid in body temperature?
Vasoconstriction: cold shrink Vasodilation: heat spread/stretch
know the characteristics of the epidermis and dermis
epidermis: outer layer, five layers, keratinization(flattening cells) dermis: inner layer, vessels, glands and nerves, fingerprints
What are melanocytes?
cells in pigmentation
what are chromatophores
holds color or dye (tattoos)
which layer of skin does mitosis occur?
epidermis
what is keratinization?
the flattening and drying of cells closer to the outer layer of the skin
what is the role of eliedin in the keratinization process
to be a protective skin oil
what does ‘epidermal derivative’ mean as it relates to nails and hair
they continue to grow
what is the difference between determinant and indeterminant hair?
determinant: grows to certain length then stops(body hair) indeterminant: grows indefinitely (hair on head)
what are the three types of nerve endings and what do they sense?
• Bare/naked - sense pain, and temperature • Meisserners corpuscles - deep touch • Pacinian corpuscles - pressure receptors
What is the difference between first, second and third degree burns?
• First degree: epidermis only, death if over 2/3 of body • second degree: into but not through the dermis • Third degree: epidermis and dermis destroyed, into underlying tissue
what are the two dangers burn victims face?
• loss of water - plasma protein • bacteria infection and loss of blood circulation
What is the difference between somatic and autonomic nerve tracts?
Somatic: away from skin, receives signals from skin and passes them to CNS Autonomic: to skin, from CNS to the skin