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Transcription factors

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Total cards: 12•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (12)

#1
Front (Question)

what are transcription factors?

Back (Answer)

• proteins that control the rate of protein synthesis

#2
Front (Question)

How do transcription factors achieve their role?

Back (Answer)

• By switching some genes on and some genes off

#3
Front (Question)

What is the promoter region?

Back (Answer)

• short sequence of DNA at the start of a gene (the bit that DNA/RNA polymerase attach to)

#4
Front (Question)

What are two transcription factors?

Back (Answer)

• activator • repressor

#5
Front (Question)

what happens during transcription?

Back (Answer)

• Transcription factor moves from the cytoplasm into the nucleus • binds to the promoter region • activators - helps RNA polymerase to bind to DNA • gene is transcribed • Repressors - prevent RNA poymerase binding to DNA • gene is not transcribed

#6
Front (Question)

what do the activators do?

Back (Answer)

• helps RNA polymerase bind to DNA • gene is transcribed

#7
Front (Question)

what do the repressors do?

Back (Answer)

• prevents RNA polymerase binding to DNA • gene is not transcribed

#8
Front (Question)

Give an example of controlling a transcription factor?

Back (Answer)

• Oestrogen

#9
Front (Question)

What is Oestrogen?

Back (Answer)

• a steroid hormone

#10
Front (Question)

How is oestrogen controlled as a transcription factor?

Back (Answer)

• oestrogen binds to a receptor called an oestrogen receptor • forms an oestrogen- oestrogen receptor complex

#11
Front (Question)

Is oestrogen an activator or repressor?

Back (Answer)

• This can depend on the cell

#12
Front (Question)

what can transcription factors be turned on/off by?

Back (Answer)

• second messengers • e.g cAMP