Lesson 3

The Sun and planets formed SIMULTANEOUSLY from a cloud of dust and gas in a state of VIOLENT DISTURBANCE. Relies on rapid collisions and matter coalescing in different places due to turbulence

The Sun FORMED FIRST; it used gravitational force to pull matter from a passing protostar; this matter collapsed to form protoplanets

A rotating nebula cooled and collapsed into CONCENTRIC RINGS; solid dust grains in the core slowed the Sun’s rotation due to friction making Sun rotate slower today than faster as it contracts

The system began as a slowly rotating nebula; planets originated from a 0.01 - 0.1 solar masses DENSE DISK of hot gas and dust

collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets

The term “solar system” comes from the Latin words _____ meaning sun, and ______ meaning system

the idea that a spinning cloud of dust made of mostly light elements, called a nebula, FLATTENED into a protoplanetary disk, and became a solar system consisting of a star with orbiting planets

A vast cloud of gas and dust began to gather in space triggered by a SHOCKWAVE of SUPERNOVA

Over time, the cloud started to collapse inward due to its OWN GRAVITY

As the cloud collapsed, it spinned faster and flattened into a spinning disk shape. This effect is known as conservation of angular momentum

At the center of the disk, a dense region formed due to accretion, heating up and glowing the ball of gases as nuclear fusion ignited

Small particles within the disk began to crash, collide, and clump together, forming larger objects called planetesimals

Rocky materials in the inner solar system, known as planetesimals, grew and shaped through collisions and gravity. These planetesimals tolerates HOT CONDITIONS which made planets rocky in hot inner solar system.

It formed from the rapid accumulation of gas and ICE due to strong gravity. These gases and ice condense in the cold outer system which made these planets GASEOUS

Inside the growing planets, HEAVIER materials SANK to the center while LIGHTER materials ROSE to the surface, forming layers

The newly formed star emitted solar winds, which CLEARED away remaining DEBRIS from the disk

Some planets CAPTURED SMALLER OBJECTS or formed them in collisions, creating natural satellites or moons that orbit around them in stable paths.

This proposes that the Moon formed during a collision between the Earth and another small planet Theia, about the size of the planet Mars

Eventually, the solar system reached a STABLE state, with planets in their orbits and moons orbiting around them

A region in the outer solar system beyond Neptune, containing numerous small icy bodies, including dwarf planets, comets, and other remnants from the solar system’s formation

It is a theoretical vast, spherical region surrounding the solar system, composed of billion to trillion icy objects such as comets, located at the outermost edge of our solar system’s influence