Unit 4: Energy Systems
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are the types of macronutrients? (4)
• lipids • carbohydrates • proteins • water
What are the types of micronutrients? (3)
• vitamins • minerals • trace elements
What is the function of carbohydrates?
metabolic fuel and energy store
What is the atomic ratio of a carbohydrate?
C1H2O1
monosaccharide
simplest carbohydrate and is easily absorbed by human body
disaccharides
2 monosaccharides bonded together
polysaccharides
many monosaccharides bonded
Glucose (3)
• monosaccharide • broken down by cells to provide energy • C6H12O6
Condensation Reaction (2)
• bond molecules • one water molecules is removed for each bond formed
Hydrolysis Reactions (2)
• break apart molecules • one water molecules is added for each bond broken
What are examples of polysaccharides? (3)
• starch • glycogen • cellulose
Starch (2)
• a polymer of glucose • used by plants to store glucose when it it not needed by cells for energy
Glycogen (3)
• polymer of glucose • used by animals to store glucose when it’s not needed for energy • stored in liver and skeletal muscle
Cellulose (4)
• a polymer of glucose • a micronutrient • in cell walls of plants and helps prevent disease when ingested • dietary fiber
dietary fiber
indigestible molecule
What are the functions of fats? (4)
• energy source • energy storage • protects internal organs • insulates and helps maintain internal body temperature
What is the monomer of a fat?
triacylglycerols
What is the structure of a triacylglycerol? (2)
• 1 glycerol • 3 fatty acid tails
What is the structure of a fatty acid? (2)
• carboxyl groups • hydrocarbon tail
Saturated
only single bonds in hydrocarbon tail
Unsaturated
1or more double bonds in hydrocarbon tail
Where do saturated fats originate from? (2)
• animal sources • tropical oils
What do saturated fats do?
raise cholesterol
Where do unsaturated fats originate from?
plant oils (ex: olive oil and avocado)