Genes
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Allele
One of the forms of a gene that is found in pairs on a chromosome; Some alleles are dominant over others
Chromosome
A thread-like strand of DNA or RNA in the cell
DNA
Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, which contains the genetic instructions for all forms of life
Dominant
A genetic characteristic that is always expressed by the organism
Recessive
Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
Gene Frequency
The amount of times a particular gene is found in a population
Gene
The basic unit of heredity, composed of DNA and found on chromosomes. part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth
Gene Composition
The collection of all of the genes of a particular organism
Genetic Drift
The frequency of a particular gene in a population changes in a certain direction
Allele
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. Also, one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Variation
Something that has changed; in biology, this refers to the genetic difference between individuals
Dominant Allele
An allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
Recessive Allele
An allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
Phenotype
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Genotype versus phenotype. An organism’s genotype is the set of genes that it carries. An organism’s phenotype is all of its observable characteristics — which are influenced both by its genotype and by the environment. … For example, differences in the genotypes can produce different phenotypes.
X-linked
relating to genes or characteristics or conditions carried on the X chromosome (female Chromosome)
Gregor Mendel
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)