Exam 1 - Male Reproductive System

• upper paired • erectile tissue masses

• lower erectile tissue mass • surround urethra • ends as glans penis

• Sac skin, fascia, and smooth muscle divided into two pouches by septum • Cremasteric muscle - changes testis elevation -** Pampiniform plexus - blood vessel anastomosis • Temperature - regulation of testis • Sperm survival requires 3 degrees lower temp than core body temp.

• paired oval glands - 2 in. x 1 in. • seminiferous tubules for sperm production • Rete testis • Epididymis: sperm maturation/ storage

• in testis • conducting tubule - duct which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra

the duct which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen

40% of seminal fluid volume, acid phosphatase, zinc, citric acid, cholesteral

• Seminal vesicle • Prostate gland • Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland

• For sperm production Leydig Cells Sertoli Cells

• Spermatogonium (2N, 4C) • primary spermatocyte (2N, 4C) • Secondary spermatocyte (1N, 2C) • Spermatids (1N, 1C) • Spermatozoa (1N, 1C) • Haploid (1N, 1C)

stem cells - gives rise to 2 daughter cells by mitosis - 46XY, 2N, 4C

formation of sperm cells from spermatogonia 64 day cycle generates mature sperm

Dark A: noncycling reserve Light A: mitotically active, derives Type Bs Type B: derive primary spermatocytes

(46XY) goes through meiosis I DNA replication 2N, 4C tetrad formation crossing over

GnRH from hypothalamus - triggers - LH and FSH from Anterior Pituitary

testosterone from Leydig cells

Sertoli cells

skeletal and muscle growth stim. erythropoiesis (prod. of red blood cells) *stimulates metabolic rate *stimulates sebaceous gland activity *growth on distribution of body hair *anabolic effect: nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium sparing *enlargement of genitalia, accessory repro glands *gametogenesis, development of sperm and ducts *dominance and aggressive behavior

Minoxidol (Rogaine): increases vascular supply to hair follicle

Minoxidol (Rogaine): increases vascular supply to hair follicle Propecia: blocks the enzyme 5 aloha reductase - prevents production of dihydro testosterone Hair transplant surgery

• gradual decline in hormonal function in men as they age • hormones known to decline: testosterone, DHEA, Growth Hormone

• Spermatozoa: 100-120 million/ml • 6-8 ml of ejaculate = 600-800 million • Functionally sterile w/ only 20% of this • Sperm live for 48 hours in female reproductive tract • Glycolytic pathway, require basic pH • The odds of the conception happening is like winning the lottery

• Parasympathetic nervous system • Dilation of arteries, construction of venous outflow • Blood is trapped in corpus cavernosa and spongiosa • No bons involved • Dilation of arteries, causes by Nitric Oxide release • Triggers cGMP second messenger • Erectile Dysfunction drugs (Viagra, Levitra, Cialis) stimulate itric oxide release by preventing breakdown of cGMP – erections longer tan 4 hours seek medical help • Blue Haze

• Spinal Mediated reflex • Contraction of bulbocavernosus muscle • Contraction of smooth muscle in vas deferens