Unit 2
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What is biodiversity and how can you measure it?
Biodiversity is the variety of living species on earth. Habitat, species, genetic
What is the bottleneck effect?
When a population decreases for 1 or more generations decreasing genetic diversity also. Then a rapid population increase occurs with less diversity.
What is species richness and evenness?
Species richness is the number of species in a particular place. Species evenness is when the individuals are distributed evenly among species.
What is speciation?
The long process to increase species.
What are ecosystem services?
The many and varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and healthy ecosystems.
What are provisioning services?
The ability of humans to OBTAIN products from ecosystems.
What are regulating services?
An BENEFIT obtained from NATURAL PROCESSES and functioning of ecosystems.
What are supporting services?
Habitat functioning themselves, and therefore influencing survival.
What are cultural services?
Non-material benefits that people can obtain from ecosystems.
What are the types of species important to succession?
Pioneer : first to arrive - can live on rocks Keystone : effects survival and abundance of other species - typically apex predator Indicator : status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment - specialist species
What is ecological succession and the 2 types?
Ecological succession : a series of predictable changes in a community overtime Primary succession : Begins in a place without any soil ( bare rock ) and starts with the arrival of a pioneer species Secondary succession : Begins in a place that already has soil - it occurs faster and with different pioneer species
What is a climax community?
A stable group of plants and animals - the end result of the succession process.