Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Carbohydrates from the diet are digested in the GI tract into simple _____________ for absorption.
Monosaccharides
Starch provides __________.
Glucose
True or false: fructose, from dietary sucrose, is converted to glucose in the liver.
True
True or false: galactose, from dietary maltose, is also converted to glucose in the liver.
False
In clinical practice, the glucose baseline of _____mg/100mL is never used; mmol/L is the accepted unit.
90
List the functions of insulin.
Keeps blood glucose low, binds to receptors on cell surfaces, stimulates glucose transport into cells, increases glycogen synthase activity, increases the synthesis of amino acids from pyruvate, and depresses lipolysis and protein degradation
_________ is a major player in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and is stimulated by decreased glucose level.
Glucagon
__________ is a back-up for glucagon and glycogenolysis, and is responsible for nervous stimulation, and bodily ‘emergency responses’.
Epinephrine
Both glucagon and epinephrine have _____________ functions to insulin.
Counterregulatory
What is hyperglycaemia?
High blood glucose
Hypoglycaemia is the medical term for ______ blood glucose.
Low