Electrolytes

What is the major intracellular cation? a. Potassium b. Calcium c. Magnesium d. Sodium

. What is the major extracellular cation? a. Sodium b. Chloride c. Magnesium d. Calcium

Osmolality can be defined as a measure of the concentration of a solution based on the a. Number of dissolved particles b. Number of ionic particles present c. Number and size of the dissolved particles d. Density of the dissolved particles

. Hyponatremia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT a. Hypomagnesemia b. Aldosterone deficiency c. Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea d. Acute or chronic renal failure

Hypokalemia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT a. Acidosis b. Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea c. Hypomagnesemia d. Hyperaldosteronism

• Hyperkalemia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT a. Alkalosis b. Acute or chronic renal failure c. Hypoaldosteronism d. Sample hemolysis

The main difference between a direct and indirect ISE is a. Sample is diluted in the indirect method, not in the direct method b. The type of membrane that is used c. Direct ISEs use a reference electrode, whereas indirect ISEs do not d. Whole blood samples can be measured with the direct method and not with the indirect method

• Which method of analysis will provide the most accurate electrolyte results if a grossly lipemic sample is used? a. Direct ISE b. Indirect ISE c. Flame emission photometry d. Atomic absorption

The most frequent cause of hypermagnesemia is due to a. Renal failure b. Increased intake of magnesium c. Hypoaldosteronism d. Acidosis

A hemolyzed sample will cause falsely increased levels of each of the following EXCEPT a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Phosphate d. Magnesium

The largest portion of total body water is found in which tissue? a. Intracellular fluid b. Extracellular fluid c. Intravascular extracellular fluid d. Interstitial cell fluid e. Plasma

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are key to regulating blood osmolality. Typically, a 1% to 2% shift in osmolality causes a _______ change in circulating concentration of AVP. a. Twofold b. Fourfold c. Eightfold d. Tenfold

The quantitative relationship between changes in blood osmolality and the normal expected response by AVP is best described as a(n): a. Indirect relationship b. Direct relationship c. Logarithmic relationship d. There is no quantitative relationship

The sample of choice for measuring blood osmolality is: a. Serum b. Plasma c. Whole blood d. Serum or plasma may both be used

With increased water loss, burn patients are most likely to also experience: a. Hypernatremia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypomagnesemia d. Hypoosmolality

. Which plasma electrolyte has the most narrow reference range and is MOST strictly regulated by the body? a. Sodium b. Magnesium c. Calcium d. Chloride e. Potassium

True or False? RBCs are key for oxygen transport, carbon dioxide transport, and maintaining electroneutrality in the blood.