Water Resources
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properties of water
dipole, dissolves most polar molecules
characteristics of the water supply in the US
inexpensive, accessible, plentiful, relatively safe to drink
water covers ____% of the earth’s surface
71%
how many cubic kilometers of water exist on earth?
1.3 billion
how much of the water on earth is suitable for consumption?
3%
how much of earth’s water is in the oceans?
97%
how long can humans live without water?
3 days
how many people lack access to clean drinking water?
1.7 billion
how much water do we consume in a day?
3000 liters
how much is the global demand for water increasing annually?
• 2.3 % • doubling every 21 years
how many people lack access to water for sanitation and waste disposal?
2.5 billion
benefits of water management
• improves water efficiency • decreases consumption • preserves remaining resources
three major water consumers in the world
agriculture, industry, households/individuals
US average daily per capita water use
180 gallons
how much of water used for irrigation is lost to evaporation or runoff?
60%
what is the largest use of freshwater?
agriculture, about 2/3
how is water used in industry?
manufacturing, cooling, condensation by power plants, and waste disposal
how much water is used daily by industry in the US?
more than 200 billion gallons
what is the worldwide volume of groundwater?
8.5 million cubic kilometers
groundwater sources supply drinking water to ___% of people in the US
50%
what is an artesian aquifer?
confined on both sides by solid rock, but has an access point through which it can be recharged with groundwater
dug/bored wells
not very deep, wide diameter, pump is at the surface
drilled wells
submersible pump, intake screen, and connection to power source
sources of groundwater contamination
septic systems, underground storage tanks, pesticides, fertilizers, landfills