exam 4
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what happens within the nervous system
impulses are transmitted along the specialized plasma membranes of nerve cells
central nervous system (CNS)
includes the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
includes other sensory and motor components like: cranial nerves, neuromuscular junctions, spinal nerves
what are the 2 types of nervous system cells?
nerurons and glial cells
neurons
cells within the nervous system that send and receive electrical impulses
glial cells
variety of cell types and are abundant in the central nervous system
what are the types of neurons
sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
sensory neurons
are diverse cells specialized for stimuli detection
motor neurons
transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands to make synaptic connections
interneurons
process signals and transmit information between parts of the nervous system
what are the types of glial cells
microglia, oligodendrites, schwann cells, and astrocytes
microglia
fight infections and remove debris
oligodendrites + schwann cells
form insulating myelin sheath around neurons of the CNS and PNS
astrocytes
control access to blood borne components into extracellular fluid around nerve cells.
myelin sheath
protective membrane that surrounds CNS and PNS cells
processes that receive signals
dendrites
processes that conduct signals
axons
nerve
tissue composed of bundles of axons
fundamental property of all cells
membrane potential
synapse
the point of contact between a nerve cell, gland, or muscle cell.
where do synapses usually occur
between axon-dendrite, dendrite-dendrite, or axon-axon
what is the property of a cell at rest
negative charge outside the cell and positive inside the cell
potassium ion gradient
uneven distribution of potassium ions in and outside the cell
electroneutrality
ions are present in solutions in pairs, one negative-one positive