Unit 1.1
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What is a somatic cell?
A somatic cell is any cell in the body that is mot involved in reproduction
What are germline cells?
Germline cells are gametes also known as sex cells which involve sperm and egg cells
What does mitosis do?
Produces more diploid germline cells
What does meiosis do?
Produces more haploid gametes
How many pairs of homolgous chromosomes do diploid cells have?
23 pairs
How many single chromosomes do haploid cells have?
23 single chromosomes
What type of cell division do somatic cells use?
Mitosis
What type of cell division do germline cells use?
mitosis and meiosis
What is the chromosome number of somatic cells?
46 diploid
What is the chromosome number of germline cells?
46 diploid then 23 haploid
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can divide to produce more stem cells and are capable of being specialised
What is cellular differentiation?
When a cell expresses certain genes to produce protein characteristics for that type of cell
What are embryonic stem cells?
Cells in the very early embryo that can differentiate into all the cell types that make up an individual. All genes can be switched on which makes this type of stem cell pluripotent
What are tissue stem cells?
Involved in growth, repair and renewal of the cells found in that particular tissue. They can specialise into all the types of cells found in a particular tissue type making them multipotent
What does pluripotent mean?
The ability to make any types of specialised cell
What does multipotent mean?
The ability to make limited types of specialised cell
What are therapeutic uses of stem cells?
• Repair eyesight • Treat diabetes • Corneal repair • regeneration of damaged skin
What are stem cells used as when stem cell research is conducted?
Model cells
What is the argument regarding the ethic issues surrounding embryonic stem cells?
for - embryonic stem cells can offer effective treatments for disease and injury against - this results in the destruction of a human embryo
Why do cancer cells divide uncontrollably?
Because they do not respond to regulatory signals
Why does a tumour occur?
After the cancer cells divide, this results in a group of cells which form a tumour
How does a secondary tumour occur?
Cells within the tumour may fail to attach to each other, spreading go through the body where this may form the secondary tumour