BIOCHEMISTRY
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define an atom
smallest unit of an element
what does an atom contain
nucleus (protons & neutrons) electrons
what is within a nucleus
protons neutrons
what charge are protons
positive
what charge are neutrons
neutral
what charge are electrons
negative
what is the atomic number
number of protons
what is atomic mass measured in
Daltons (Da)
what is atomic mass
gives us the mass of one of the elements atoms
how many elements known to make up living organisms
26
what is covalent bonding
the bond formed when atoms share electrons
when is a single bond formed
when each atom contributes one electron
when is a double bond formed
when each atom contributes 2 electrons
what do organic molecules contain
carbon
what do inorganic molecules contain
NO CARBON (eg water)
what is a molecule
atoms joined via covalent bonds
what is molecular formula
symbols eg H20
what is structural formula
drawn out with C and H and lines
do molecules have a charge
no they are neutral
do ions have charge
yes
what is an anion
some atoms are more stable with more electrons than protons therefore ion carries a negative charge
what is a cation
some atoms carry less electrons than protons therefore ion carries a positive charge
what is a radical
when a molecule has an unpaired electron
what pH is acidic
1-7