Summary for test

• breaking down food • Chewing • stomach churning • muscle contracting

steer food to be crushed + rinded turns it into a ball (Bolus) to be sallowed

flap that controls food holes

Cardiac sphincter: top of stomach Pyloric sphincter: bottom of stomach Anal sphincter: bottom of anus

breaks down carbohydrates in the mouty

• stomach acid - gastric juice - used for breaking down large particles into smaller ones. aslo kills bacteria

• lubricates the walls of the stomach - physical barrier

• where bile is entered through the bile duct -

Protease- breaks doen proteins Lipase- breaks doen lipids amylase- breaks down carbohydrates

• made in liver • stored in gall bladder • used to break down lipids (emulsification)

• large surface area • contains villi: surface covered in microvilli • arteries + veins inside villi • absorption into the lateral (lymphatic sytem) fat molecules cant diffuse through because of their size

• larger diameter • ceacum makes beginning of the large intestine • absorbs water and minerals • Assending, transversing and decending

higher blood flow because vein leading outwards has a smaller diameter than artery leading in

holds glomerules

filters out water, glucose and amino acids

• dips down into medulla • role: water absorption • water is aborped out due to osmosis and the salt on the outside

nitrogen is removed from amino acids. forms ammonia (toxic to body) to form urea

secretion occurs

body pushing unwanted materials back= removes waste - hrdorgen and penecillin

the breakdown of large molecules with a differet chemical structure - involves an enzyme