physics paper 2
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What is a scalar quantity?
A scalar quantity only has magnitude, no direction
What is a vector quantity?
A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction
Name examples of a scalar quantity
Mass, energy, distance, speed, power
Name examples of a vector quantity
Force, acceleration, velocity, momentum, displacement
What is the difference between a contact and a non-contact force?
Contact forces occur due to the contact between two different objects Noon-contact forces occur due to attraction or repulsion between objects, so there is no contact
Give examples of a contact force
Friction, air resistance, tension
Give examples of a non-contact force
Gravitational force, electrostatic force, magnetic force
How do you calculate the resultant force on an object when two forces are acting in a straight line?
Add their sizes together
How do you resolve a single force into two components acting at right angles to each other?
Split them into vertical and horizontal components
How do you use a vector diagram to determine the resultant of two forces to include both magnitude and direction?
The magnitude and direction of the vector represent the magnitude and direction of the physical quantity being represented. You can add them together to find the resultant forces
What is weight?
A force due to the pull of gravity on an object
What are some factors that can effect weight?
Mass, gravity
Describe the relationship between the extension/compression of an elastic object and the force applied
They are directly proportional
Explain how the work done on a spring and the elastic potential energy are equal
The Work Done on a spring is equal to the change in Elastic Potential Energy of the spring because they are directly proportional
What is work done?
when energy is transferred from one store to another when a force causes an object to move
Give examples of energy transfers when work is done
Electrical energy -> mechanical energy Electrical energy -> heat energy
Describe the difference between a linear and non-linear relationship between force and extension
If there is a linear relationship, Hooke’s Law is obeyed If there is a non-linear relationship, Hooke’s Law is not obeyed
What is the typical value for a person walking?
1.5 m/s
What is the typical value for a person running?
3 m/s
What is the typical value for a person cycling?
6 m/s
What is the typical value for a car on the motorway?
30 m/s
What is the typical value for the speed of sound?
330 m/s
How do you measure the average speed of a moving object?
Dividing the total distance something travels by the total amount of time it spends traveling
On a distance time graph what is the shape of the line for constant speed?
Straight line