Final Exam Revision

COHN • Carbon • Oxygen • Hydrogen • Nitrogen Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Photosynthesis is a chemical process that makes carbohydrate and oxygen from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Sunlight…. Photons of light Plant Science Final Exam Revision

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light and Chlorophyll + C6hH12O6 + 6O2 6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water + Light & Chlorophyll + Glucose + 6 Oxygen Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• CO2 is present in the air because most organisms including humans expel CO2 as a waste product of Respiration. • Plants take up CO2 through their stomata from the air. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

In the Chloroplasts – between the granum (thylakoid membrane) and the stroma. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• C3 • C4 • CAM Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Plants are green because they have a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll reflects green light, which makes plants appear green to us. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• ATP – Energy in the form of ATP • CO2 and water as a by-product (waste) but also Heat is produced Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Cellular respiration is the process through which cells convert sugars (glucose) into energy. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

In the Mitochondria of cells. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• Glycolysis (breaks down glucose without O2) = ATP (fermentation) • Krebs Cycle = ATP • Electron Transport Chain = Lots more ATP Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• Stage of growth, younger plant tissue has higher respiration than older tissue. • Oxygen decrease – Respiration decrease • Temperature decrease – Respiration decrease Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• External – Light (day length) also intensity. • External – Temperature. • Internal – Plant hormones. • External – Ethylene- fruit ripening hormone. • Internal – Auxin rooting hormone. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• Response of a plant to force of gravity – roots grow down and shoot up… • Auxin plant hormone is involved in this. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Abscisic Acid Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• Gibberelin – Germination, Growth to Maturity, Flowering, Fruit Development • Auxin – Growth to Maturity, Flowering, Fruit Development • Cytokinine – Growth to Maturity, Flowering, Fruit Development • Ethylene – Flowering, Fruit Development, Abscission • Abscisic Acid – Abscission, Seed Dormancy Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Making of Agar substrate for Tissue culture of plants to induce shoot development. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• Genetics is the study of heredity (inherited traits) • Traits passed from one generation to the next Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• A gene is a segment of DNA carried on chromosomes. • Genes are responsible for inheritable traits i.e. flower colour, seed shape. • They are units of inheritance. • They can be Dominant or Recessive for a characteristic. Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Gregor Mendel Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• A pure line in genetics is an individual that has a stable set of traits that are achieved through self fertilisation over multiple generations. • The pure line carries homozygous (RR o rr) traits from both parents. • It takes 6-9 generations to do this through selfing (self fertilisation). Plant Science Final Exam Revision

• Phenotype – unique appearance Plant Science Final Exam Revision

Heterozygous refers to having inherited different forms of a particular gene i.e. Rr for round/wrinkled seed. Plant Science Final Exam Revision