Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry
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Hydrocarbons
Made up of carbon and hydrogen only
Saturated
Single bonds only
Unsaturated
Multiple bonds
Homologous series
Family of compounds with similar chemical properties, differ by addition of CH2 group
Functional group
Part of organic molecule that is responsible for molecules chemical properties Carbon can bond to many elements
Classification of organic molecules
Aliphatic Alicyclics Aromatic
Aliphatic
Carbon atoms joined in unbranched or branched chains or non aromatic rings
Alicyclic
Carbon atoms joined together in cyclic structures with or without branches
Aromatic
Some/all carbons in a benzene ring
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes
Naming molecules
Identify functional group Identify longest carbon chain Identify length of side groups Names of molecules in alphabetical order
Alkene prefixes and suffixes
-ene
Alcohol prefixes and suffixes
Hydroxyl- -ol
Haloalkane prefix and suffixes
Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-
Aldehyde prefix and suffixes
-al
Ketone prefix and suffixes
-one
Carboxylic acid prefix and suffixes
-oic acid
Chemical formulae
Molecular Empirical Structural Displayed Skeletal
Molecular formulae
No type of atoms present Does not show bonding Isomers
Empirical formulae
Simplest whole no ratio of atoms Homologous molecules have same empirical formulae
General formulae
Simplest algebraic formula for any homologous series
General formula of alkanes
Cn H2n+2
General formula of alkenes
Cn H2n
General formula of alcohols
Cn H2n+1 OH