W1- Lecture 1B - Grain Yield and Yield Components in Cereal Crops
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how can grain yield be investigated
grain yield can be investigated through the study of the yield components
why is the study of yield components very useful
to compare and contrast the different cereal crops - wheat v barley v oats and winter-sown v spring-sown
what is the different yield potential between winter sown vs spring sown crops
winter-sown > spring-sown by 20-25% – longer growing season – higher yield components
which crop has good levels of all yield components
wheat crops
what ear size has barley
smaller ear size compared to wheat or oats
what is the different between wheat > oats >~ barley
• wheat crops have good levels of all yield components • barley has smaller ear size • oats has typically lower ear number
what are the 3 yield components in cereal crops
• Ears/m2 • Grains/ear • Grain Weight (mean 1,000 grains)
Graham (Syngenta) slide 8
its a trial - i prob wont look at it
Yield and Yield Component Combinations Ear — Grains/ear –1000 Grain Wt.
Ears/m2-> Grains/ear-> 1000 Grain Wt. 300 50 50 400 42 45 500 35 43 600 25 50 700 30 36 800 25 38 Multiplied across all the above give a yield of ~ 7.5 t/ha e.g. ( 300 x 50 x 50 ) / 105
What are the important yield sub components
Plants/m2 and ears/plant are useful sub components e.g. plants/m2 x ears/plant = ears/m2
What are the less important yield sub- components
tillers/plant and tillers/m2 are not useful sub-components but can be useful in field studies
Optimising Yield Components in Practice
we want to see which of these yield components we can control and optimise in practice
what do you need to target for when optimising yield components in practise
we need targets for each yield component e.g. in winter wheat target ear no’s is 500
how many grains/ear would you expect
we expect 40-45 grains/ear and if good grain-fill is then achieved yield will be high
Table to Compare Yield Components of different crops (6)
• Plants/m2 • Ears/plant • Ears/m2 • Grains/ear • 1000 Grain Wt. (g) • Grain Yield (t/ha)
Yield Components - 1. Winter Wheat
• Plants/m2 = 240 and ears/plant = 2.25 • hence Ears/m2 = 540 • Grains/ear = 44 • Thousand Grain weight = 50 grams • Yield in t/ha = (540 x 44 x 50)/10^5 = 11.88 t/ha
Yield Components - 2. Spring Wheat
• Plants/m2 = 260 and ears/plant = 2.0 • hence Ears/m2 = 520 • Grains/ear = 36 • Thousand Grain weight = 44 grams • Yield in t/ha = (520 x 36 x 44)/105 = 8.24 t/ha
Yield Components - 3. Spring Barley
• Plants/m2 = 250 and ears/plant = 3.5 • hence Ears/m2 = 875 • Grains/ear = 22 • Thousand Grain weight = 40 grams • Yield in t/ha = (875 x 22 x 40)/105 = 7.7 t/ha
Yield Components - 4. Winter Barley
• Plants/m2 = 250 and ears/plant = 3.5 • hence Ears/m2 = 875 • Grains/ear = 25 • Thousand Grain weight = 40 grams • Yield in t/ha = (875 x 25 x 40)/105 = 8.75 t/ha
Yield Components - 5. Winter Oats
• Plants/m2 = 250 and ears/plant = 1.6 • hence Ears/m2 = 400 • Grains/ear (panicle) = 75 • Thousand Grain weight = 30 grams • Yield in t/ha = (400 x 75 x 30)/105 = 9.0 t/ha
Sample Yield Components for Various Cereals table!! slide 23
Yield Structure : Example of a wheat plant with little competition
slide 24!! could be helpful for data exam
Yield Component Comparision for 2-row and 6-row W. Barley
slide 25!! could be helpful for data exam
sowing winter wheat is difficult in autumn conditions how much seed should be sown per m2 and what % establishment should you expect
Sowing winter wheat in difficult autumn conditions • sow 400 seeds/m2 and expect 60% establishment to give 240 plants/m2