Clinical Chemistry 1
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Clinical chemistry definition
“biochemical analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes”
Homeostatic disorders
acid-base balance fluid and electrolyte balance
Endocrine disorders
hypersecretion hyposecretion hormone resistance
Inherited / Genetic Disorders:
enzyme deficiency receptor deficiency
Nutritional Disorders:
nutrient deficiency nutrient excess
Syndrome of inappropriate adh secretion
Causes: malignancy eg lung cancer drugs eg chloropropamide Consequence: inappropriate ADH secretion Clinical -low urine output -low blood sodium Treatment: -restricted water intake -treat underlying Cause
Diabetes Mellitus
Causes: inadequate insulin secretion insulin resistance Consequence: high blood glucose Clinical: polyuria / polydipsia eye disease kidney damage delayed wound-healing infections nervous tissue damage heart attacks / stroke Treatment: insulin therapy dietary
Genetic disorders: Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency
Cause: genetic defect Consequence: glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency Clinical: hypoglycaemia hepatomegaly lactic acidosis Treatment: frequent intake of glucose
Nutritional disorders disorders:vitamin d deficiency
Sources: food skin (by action of sunlight) Functions: absorption of calcium absorption of phosphate Causes: dietary deficiency lack of sunlight malabsorption Consequence: decreased bone mineralisation Clinical: bone pain loss of height bone deformation rickets (children) osteomalacia (adults) Treatment: vitamin D supplementation treat cause