scientific investigation (chapter 1)

observations, controlled experiments, surveys, trial and error, case studies and longitudinal studies

• observations occur no matter the procedure • from them scientists can discover patterns which can draw conclusions

• a.k.a fair tests • designed to investigate the relationships between factors (variables) • only altering one variable in experiment

• the process of systemically collecting, analysing and interpreting data collected from a large number of subjects

• in scientific research is systemic process to solve a problem • each trial is recorded • leads to a gradual find of a solution

• an in-depth investigation of a particular person or situation

• an study that occurs over a long period of time (years or decades)

• recognise a problem and define a question • collect all data related to question • propose a hypothesis • test hypothesis using an experiment • analyse and interpret the data • draw a conclusion, assess if hypothesis was supported or disproved • report on investigation

• it is important that an investigation presents no danger to the participants or to the investigators • examine design of it and minimise any risks

• voluntary participation: subject shouldn’t be pressured into taking part in investigation • informed consent: subject should be fully informed of the details of the investigation and any possible risks • no risk of harm: there should be no risk of physical or psychological harm • confidentiality: the identities of the participants will not be revealed

• ensure that all variable (apart from the independent variable) are controlled

• repetition of trials to eliminate any human error • the measuring instruments must be the same

• using appropriate measuring intervals and type of measurement

• • all values together • / by the number of values there are • x100 for % average

• order values from lowest to highest • is the middle number

(-) lowest value form highest value

• 2 values separate by :

(new value x old value)/old value x 100