Pharmaceutical Chemistry
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What are drugs?
Substances that alter the biochemical processes in the body
What drugs are used in medicine?
Drugs that have beneficial effects
What does a medicine usually contain?
The drug plus other ingredients such as fillers to add bulk or sweeteners to improve the taste
How do drugs work?
Drugs generally work by binding to specific protein molecules. These protein molecules can be found on the surface of a cell (receptor) or can be specific enzyme molecules within a cell.
What is an agonist?
Mimics the natural compound and binds to the receptor molecules to produce a response similar to the natural active compound
What is an antagonist?
Prevents the natural compound from binding to the receptor and so blocks the natural response from occurring
What are drugs that act on enzymes classified as and how do they work?
Enzyme inhibitors and they act by binding to the active site of the enzyme and blocking the reaction normally catalysed there
Why is the overall shape and size of a drug the way it is?
So that it interacts with a receptor binding site or to the active site of an enzyme
What is the structural fragment of a drug?
The part that allows it to form interactions with a receptor binding site or to an enzyme active site, it normally consists of different functional groups correctly orientated with respect to each other