Topic 3 - Data
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What is Binary?
A Base-2 numbering system. (only has 2 digits - 0 and 1)
What is Denary?
A Base-10 numbering system (from 0 - 9)
What is a nibble (in bits)?
4 bits.
When there is an extra digit in a binary calculation, what is this called?
Overflow.
What does ‘1’ represent in Sign and Magnitude?
Negative
What does ‘0’ represent in Sign and Magnitude?
Positive
What is a Hexadecimal?
A Base-16 numbering system (16 digits. It shares 0-9 with denary then uses letters A-F)
Why are Hexadecimals used?
They simplify long streams of bits
What are Real Numbers?
Numbers with an integer part and a fractional part.
What is the scientific notation of representing floating point binary?
Mantissa x Base^Exponent
What is the name of the subset that ASCII is in?
Unicode
Why is Unicode better than ASCII?
It can represent a wider range of characters (e.g. from other languages such as: é)
What is a Bitmap?
An image stored as an array of individual pixels.
What is a Pixel?
An individual picture element.
What is Colour Depth?
The number of bits allocated to represent each colour
What is ‘Resolution’ of an image?
The detail it holds within an image.
How can ‘Resolution’ be displayed as?
width x height OR the number of ‘Pixels Per Inch (PPI) ‘
What are Analogue Signals?
They’re continuous, they don’t have defined ranges, and are represented often by waves.
What are Digital Signals?
They form discrete values (they fall within a defined range and can only take certain values).
What are three everyday examples of Analogue Signals?
Sound, temperature and light intesity
What is Sampling?
The process of recording an analogue signal at regular intervals.
What is ‘Sampling Frequency’ ?
The average number of samples obtained per second. Measured in Hertz (Hz)
What is Quantisation?
The process of approximating the analogue values to predetermined discrete levels.
What is a bit?
1 or 0