Cellular energy
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Biomass
The total mass of living matter in an organism or level, typically measured in grams
ATP
Universal energy for all cells. Has: adenine (2 pentagons), ribose sugar (1 pentagon), and three phosphate groups (3 circles)
ADP
The “uncharged” version of ATP. A Phosphate is removed to release energy
Thylakoids
Stacks of discs inside chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll
Stroma
The fluid-filled space surrounding thylakoids, where the Calvin Cycle occurs
Mesophyll Cells
In the leaves where photosynthesis happens.
Light-Dependent Reactions
Chlorophyll captures sunlight to split water, releasing oxygen and generating ATP.
The Calvin Cycle
Uses ATP (from Light-Dependent Reactions) to rearrange carbon dioxide atoms into glucose
Aerobic Respiration
Occurs in the mitochondria when oxygen is present
Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs in the cytoplasm when there’s no oxygen
Which respiration has the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC), and how many ATP does it create?
Aerobic Respiration and 34 ATP.
Glycolysis
The first step in the cytoplasm that breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules and 2 ATP
Fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration: Extracting 2 ATP, Lactic Acid Fermentation, and Alcohol Fermentation
Transpiration Pull
water going up the plant stems using the Xylem.
Which part of an ATP molecule holds the most energy
The bond between the 2cd and third phosphate, which is why ADP releases energy.