Inorganic Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salt Preperations
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is sodium soluble?
yes
is potassium soluble?
yes
is ammonium soluble?
yes
are nitrates soluble?
yes
are chlorides soluble?
yes, apart from silver chloride and lead (II) chloride
are sulfates soluble?
yes, apart from barium sulfate, calcium sulfate and lead (II) sulfate
are carbonates soluble?
no, apart from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate
are hydroxides soluble?
no, apart from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide
what is an acid? (in regard to protons)
a proton donor
what is a base? (in regard to protons)
a proton acceptor
what is the reaction between an alkali/base and an acid?
alkali/base + acid → water + salt
what is the reaction between a carbonate and an acid?
carbonate + acid → water + salt + carbon dioxide
what is the reaction between a metal and an acid?
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
what is the formula of sulfuric acid and what salt does it form?
H₂SO₄, sulfate
what is the formula of hydrochloric acid and what salt does it form?
HCl, chloride
what is the formula of nitric acid and what salt does it form?
HNO₃, nitrate
what is a base?
• a base is a substance that neutralises an acid by combining with the hydrogen ions in them to produce water • a base usually means a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide or ammonia
what is an alkali?
bases which are soluble in water
how would you prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, from an insoluble reactant?
• heat acid in a beaker • add base until in excess (no more dissolves) and stir with a glass rod • filter the mixture using filter paper and a funnel • gently heat the filtered solution until crystals form on a glass rod • allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form • remove the crystals by filtration • dry by leaving it in a warm place
how would you prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals starting from copper(II) oxide?
• heat acid in a beaker • add base until in excess (no more copper oxide dissolves) and stir with glass rod • filter the mixture using filter paper and funnel • gently heat the filtered solution until crystals form on a glass rod • allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form • remove the crystals by filtration • dry by leaving in a warm place