medchem 15
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
卡片预览 (17 张)
— are natural materials that are mostly insoluble in wattle but soluble in —-
• lipids • organic solvents as solvents based on carbon as chloroform ChCl3
lipids are needed for:
• transportation of vitamins as and,e, k in the body • production of hormones • formation of healthy skin • protection of organs • source of energy • formation of the cell membrane
lipids are classified as:
• fatty acids ( saturated and unstaurated ) -glycerides ( glycerol containg lipids ) as ( triglyceride and phospholipids ) • non-glyceride ( steroid and protaglandins ) -complex lipids ( as lipoproteins LDL , HDL )
esters are — -dertaives and their structure is —- where r2 can’t —– esters are produced by —-
• carbolysic acid derives • r1coohr2 • hydrogen and must be carbon • esterification of alcohol and carbolic acids
the esterification of fatty acids with glycerol produces —–
triglyceride which is an ester ( RECALL THE STRUCTUTE )
simple triglyceride contains — fatty acids in — positions mixed triglycerides contain —–
• same in all 3 positions • 2 or 3 different fatty acids
saturated fatty acids are from — and they are —room tempreture and have —- melting and boiling points unsaturated fatty acids are from — and are — in room tempreture and have — boiling and melting points - the difference between the physical properties can be explained by the —-
• animals fats , solids , high ( since they require more energy ) • vegetable oils , liquid , low (because of the increased distances ) , the double bonds are not allowed to have the same intermolecular forces to take place between the triglyceride molecules • nature of the fatty acids chains
hydorgenation of unsturates are used to —— which —- the ratio of unstaturated fats and can produce — so isomerisation from —-
• harden vegetable oil producing margins • reduces the ratio ( from alkene to alkhane ) • trans • from cis to trans
are esterification reactions in equilibria? — the reason is , in order to get a food yield of ester it must be — as it formed or an access of one reactant more be — this uses the —- principle
• yes • removed , used -le chatelier
easters can undergo — in —- solutions and its — in neutral solutions
hydrolysis in acids or bases solutions very slow in neural solutions
esters + h20 in acidic condition ( by adding h+ as. catalyst ) produces
carbolysic acid and alcohol
esters in basic solutions ( adding 0h- ) produces
• carboxylate salt ( bc carboxyic acid will be deprotonated ) , alcohol , h20
the ester reaction in basic solution is called —- and it converts —–
• saponification • converts fats aka esters to soaps aka sodukum salts of fatty acids
in — promoted reactions the ester reacts with — to produce — and — and they are — and — so they will be converted to — and — and OH- is consumed and its speeds up the reaction but –
• base promoted • oh- • carboxlyic acid and aloxide • strong acid and weak conjugated base • sodium carboxylate salt and alcohol which are more stable conjugate base and weaker acid aka the alcohol • its not a catalyst
the saponification of animal fats with alkali produces —- and alkane hydrolysis aka saponifcation of animal fats with alkali as (NaOH) prodcues —
• soap • sopa and glycerol
cleansing of soap includes the carboxylate which is — and it dissolves in —- and the long chain of hydrocarbon is —- and is — by water and it dissolves in —–
• polar and hydrophilic • water • non polar and hydrophobic • repelled by water • grease and oil
alkaline hydrolisis is known as:
saponification