S3) LGBT
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What is sexual orientation?
Sexual orientation describes what gender you are attracted to depending on one’s feelings, behaviour and identity
Can sexual orientation change?
• May be life-long / vary over a lifetime • Can change but cannot be changed!
What does MSM and WSW stand for?
• MSM – Men who have Sex with Men • WSW – Women who have Sex with Women
Outline the gender binary model
• Two separate categories: male and female • Clearly distinguished by anatomy • Men should look and act masculine • Women should look and act feminine
Discuss diversity in the gender binary model
There is a whole rainbow spectrum of diversity when it comes to gender in terms of anatomy, gender identity and gender expression
Define gender identity
Gender identity is someone’s internal perception and experience of their gender
What is a gender role or gender expression?
Gender role or expression is the way the person lives in society and interacts with others
What is transgender?
• Transgender is an umbrella term for those whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from their birth sex • Includes transsexuals, transvestites, crossdressers and genderqueer
Who is a transsexual person?
Transsexual person: someone who feels a consistent and overwhelming desire to transition and fulfil their life as a member of the opposite sex
Are all trans people transsexual?
• No, some trans people undergo ‘gender reassignment’ under medical supervision • Many trans people do not wish to surgically alter their bodies to ‘fit’ either gender category
The LGBT population experience poorer health Identify some LGBT problems with regards to healthcare
• 35% suffer anxiety • 52% suffer depression • 50% are smokers
Why does the LGBT population experience poorer health?
The problems are not about being LGBT but about discrimination & marginalisation
Identify 5 ways in which discrimination can lead to poorer health
• Increased stress • Low self esteem • Isolation • Increased conflict • Distrust of authorities
State 5 examples of the poor experiences of LGBT people in heathcare
• Prejudice • Lack of confidentiality • Refusal pap smears for lesbians • Inappropriate questions & comments • GP reluctance to help trans people with their trans orientation
With regards to identity, how can one be a good doctor to LGBT people?
• Validate patient’s identity: more than being ‘neutral’ - Do not pathologise or moralise patient’s identity • Be able to distinguish between patient’s problems and their identity
How can one be a good doctor to LGBT people in terms of: • Knowledge • Respect • Confidentiality
• Knowledge: don’t rely on patient for information; do your homework • Respect patient’s lifestyle & identity: do not show inappropriate, prurient interest • Confidentiality: Don’t out them without their consent
Identify 3 examples of assumptions & stereotypes and how they affect healthcare
• Assuming a patient has an opposite sex partner • Assuming a married man does not have anal sex or does not need an STI test • Assuming a butch-looking woman doesn’t need contraception
What are one’s professional duties in healthcare?
• Do not let your views prejudice treatment • Challenge colleagues’ behaviour
What are one’s legal duties in healthcare?
• Tomorrow’s Doctors 2009: respect all patients, colleagues and others regardless of their sexual orientation • Equality Act 2010: illegal to discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity. In provision of goods & services, in education & in the workplace