Skeletal System
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What is the most abundant cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
The human skeleton is initially what?
Cartilages and fibrous membranes
How many bones make up the adult skeleton?
206
How many bones make up the axial skeleton?
80
How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
126
Bone functions:
–Support and protect softer tissues –Provide points of attachment for muscles –Produce blood cells –Storing organic salts
Parts of a long bone
–epiphysis – diaphysis – metaphysis – compact bone (cortical bone) – spongy bone (cancellous bone) – articular bone – periosteum – endosperm – medullary cavity (bone marrow)
Function of epiphysis (part of long bone)
Either end of a long bone
Diaphysis (Part of a long bone)
Shaft of a long bone
Compact bone (Part of a long bone)
?
Bone cell osteocytes
Mature bone cell; transports nutrients and wastes; reside in lacunae within the trabeculae
Osteoblast
Bone-forming cell
Osteoclasts
Bone destroying cells
Spongy bone
?
Articular cartilage
?
Periosteum
?
Endosteum
?
Medullary cavity
Bone marrow red and yellow;
Parts of a compact bone
– osteon – haversian system – central canal – perforating canal – Volkmann’s canal – osteocytes – lamellae – bone matrix – canaliculi
Spongy bone
Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone
Bones form when Bone tissue replaces existing connective tissue in one of two ways
Intramembranous bones Endichondral bones
–These bones originate with sheet like layers of connective tissues (membrane) –they are broad flat, bones
Intramembranous ossification
–Bones begin as hyaline cartilage – firm models for future blend – these are most bones of the skeleton
Endochondral ossification
Closest to the end of epiphysis, resting cells, anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis
Zone of resting cartilage (1st layer of cells)