Atomic Structure and Electron Structure
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Define Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
The weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12th of an atom of carbon-12
What does m/z mean?
Mass
What is the equation for calculating Ar using data from a mass spectrometer?
R.A.M = isotopic mass x % abundance/ 100 Or R.A.M = isotopic mass x % abundance/total relative abundance
What d.p. should Ar always be given to?
1 d.p.
What s.f. should the mass of an individual isotope always be rounded to?
A whole number - you cannot have an isotope with a fraction of a neutron or proton
Define an atomic orbital
A region within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
Give the 3D shape of an S orbital and a P orbital
S orbital - spherical P orbital - dumb-bell
Give the order of increasing energy levels
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
How many electrons can each sub level hold?
S - 2 P - 6 D - 10 F - 14
How many orbitals are in each sub level
S - 1 P - 3 D - 5 F - 7
How do you calculate noble gas configuration from the electronic configuration?
• Write down the electronic configuration of the noble gas that comes before the element • E.g. [Ar] then numbers you get me
What are the two exceptions for the rules of electronic configuration and what is their actual electronic configuration? Why
Chromium (Cr) 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p6 , 3s2 , 3p6 , 4s1 , 3d5 Copper (Cu) 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p6 , 3s2 , 3p6 , 4s1 , 3d10 These structures are of lower energy and represent more stable arrangements
Are electrons removed from the 4s or 3d sub shell during the formation of ion?
4s before 3d