Quiz #2 on cells
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Robert Hooke
1st to describe cells in cork; proposed that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
Schleiden and Schwann
Schwann tested animal cells and Schleiden tested plant cells; proposed that all living things are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow
Examined cell division; proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells
Parts of the cell theory
• All living things are made of cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things • All cells come from preexisting cells
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells
• No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Unicellular • Circular DNA • Smaller
Examples of prokaryotes
Bacteria, archaea
Characteristics of eukaryotic cells
• Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Unicellular or multicellular • Larger • Linear DNA
Examples of eukaryotes
Plants, animals, fungi
All cells have…
Organelles
What are organelles?
Small structures inside a cell with specific functions (mini organs)
What organelles are found in all cells?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA
Cell membrane functions and what cells it’s found in
• Like a security guard, forms a barrier between cytoplasm and outside, controls what goes in/out • Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cytoplasm functions and what cells it’s found in
• Gel-like liquid, provides shape for the cell, carries materials • Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Ribosomes functions and what cells they’re found in
• Like chefs, produce proteins, can be attached to the ER or float in cytoplasm • Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Nucleus functions and what cells it’s found in
• Like your brain, directs cell’s activities including reproduction, holds DNA and nucleolus • Found in only eukaryotes
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions and what cells it’s found in
• Like many hallways, transports materials (proteins and lipids) through the cell, rough has ribosomes, smooth doesn’t and doesn’t transport proteins • Found in all eukaryotes only
Golgi bodies functions and what cells they’re found in
• Like Amazon, receive materials from ER and sends it to the rest of the cell and outside • Found in all eukaryotes only
Mitochondria functions and what cells they’re found in
• Like a power plant, convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use • Found in eukaryotes only
Vacuole functions and what cells its found in
• Like a storage container, stores food, water, and waste • Found in all eukaryotes only
Lysosomes functions and what cells they’re found in
• Like the garbage disposal, break down materials in the cell/clean up (recycle waste) • Found in animal cells only
Cell wall functions and what cells its found in
• Like an exoskeleton, provides support and shape to the cell, and protects • Found in plants cells and prokaryotes
Chloroplasts functions and what cells they’re found in
• Like a kitchen, capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell • Found in plant cells only
Major structural differences between plant and animal cells
Plant - cell wall and chloroplasts, big vacuole Animal - no cell wall or chloroplasts, small if any vacuole