anatomy and physiology
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what is a genotype
all factors responsible for the genetic constitution of an individual
what is a phenotype
an individuals characteristics resulting from the interaction oof the genotype and the environment
what if the outside layer of the bone made of?
hard ,dense and heavy compact bone
what is the inside of the bone made out of?
layer of spongy bone that makes the bone light and strong
what is a compact bone?
most exterior bone, long bone and thinner surface of others- Lamellae are in concentric rings around a central canal.
how many bones are in the human skeleton
206 bones - decrease with age
what are the human bones divided into?
Axial- kull, vertebral column and thoracic cage appendicular- upper and lower limb plus girdles.
how do you name muscles?
• location • origin and insertion • number of heads -size -function
what are the muscles of mastication (jaw muscles)
temporalis Masseter medial and lateral pterygoid
what is the axial skeleton
skull- 22 individual bones plus 6 auditory ossicles; hyoid and the vertebral column - cervical - thoracic - lumbar -sacral - coccygeal
where does the cervical vertebrae start
n- 7 delicate looking
where does the thoracic vertebrae start
number 12- have costal facets on transverse process
what are lumbar vertebrae
number 5- short stubby spinous process that lock articular facets
what is the axial skeleton
thoracic cage- 24 ribs, sternum made up of 3 bones
whats included in the appendicular skeleton and upper limb-
pectoral girdle - scapula -clavicle upper limb - humerus -ulna and radius -carpals -metacarpals and phalanges
what are the muscles of arm movement?
deltoid latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Teres major
what muscles are used in forearm movements
triceps brachii biceps brachii brachialis bracioradialis
what are the appendicular skeleton and lower limbs
pelvic girdle- innominate-ilium, ischium pubis lower limb- femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
what are the functions of the nervous system
sensory input integration homeostasis mental activity control of muscles and glands
what are some of the divisions of the nervous system
central nervous system (para)sympathetic division
what does the respiratory system do
provides the body with oxygen for its metabolic needs and eliminates carbon dioxide.
what structures are included in the respiratory system
nose and paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx trachea, bronchi alveolar ducts and sacs, lungs
what are two functions of the respiratory system
filters air and moves air into the lungs provides a large SA for gaseous exchange assists the olfactory system with the detection of smells
what is the nasal cavity composed of
primarily cartilages except at the bridge of the nose