isomerism Y12
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what are structural isomers?
have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
what are the 3 types of structural isomerism?
-chain -positional -functional group
what are chain isomers?
same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
what are positional isomers?
same molecular fomula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton
what are functional group isomers?
same molecular formula but different functional group
what are stereoisomers?
have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
what are the conditions for geometric stereoisomerism?
-must have a C to C double bond (alkene) -each carbon atom needs to have a different one bonded to it
how can stereoisomers come about?
restricted rotation around the C to C double bond
what are the two types of geometric stereoisomers?
• E- priority groups are opposite the double bond • Z- priority groups are on the same side (zame zide) of the double bond
how do we assign priority to E and Z stereoisomers?
• number each carbon in the double bond 1 and 2 • Calculate the atomic number of the first element bonded directly to the double bond • the atom with the highest atomic number is assigned priority- if the atoms are the same, keep moving along the chain until there is a difference