B.3.1 Causes of injury

Age, gender, pregnancy and congenital factors (from birth)

Protective equipment, environmental variables

Reduction/loss of bodily function or structure

An injury that develops over time due to repeated stress or motion Pain, discomfort, or loss of function

Deals with how likely an injury is to happen and how severe that injury would be

Reduced strengths and range of body motion

• A cut through skin • Abrasions (scratches)

Excessive stretching of a muscle resulting in reduced or lost muscle function

Occur immediately or suddenly due to an violent force it results from a single injury event from direct impact, sudden force

-Excessive force on a ligament

Identify the likelihood of an event happening as well as the severity of the consequences should it happen The probability of sustaining an injury based on the interaction of internal and external risk factors

• Almost certain • Likely • Possible • Unlikely • Rare

• Negligible • Minor • Moderate • Major • Extreme

• Higher injury risks factors with an increasing age in youth sports/contact sports Muscles: loss of muscle mass results in weaker muscles that are less capable of absorbing sock. Reduces mucle elasticity. Decrease strength and endurance contribute to fatigue and strain Bones: decreased bone density which increase risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a common condition in older adults Children’s bones are still growing and thier growth plates are more vunerable to injury

Previous injury increased risk of reaccuring injuries due to reduced strength and proprioreceptors

Male athletes: greater mucle mass and strength, higher levels of testosterone, helps muscle growth and recovery. Males are more prone to contact injuries Female athletes: more prone to ACL injuries due to biomechanical differences such as wider hips and less stable knee structure, more stress fractures. Hormones influence risk of injury such ad luteal phase (second half) progesterone is dominant which offer more protection against injuries

Depending which position you play theirs a higher risk of injury, more collisions more injurues

Higher risk of injury playing on artifical grass often realted to abrasion injuries

Helps prevent muskularskeletal injuries

Reduction or loss of function or strucutre of a muscle bone

Skin or muscle is cut with extrnal objects or caused by friction

compressive force applied to a muscle, bone or joint from contact sports and collistions it can result to bleedings and bruising

Muslce fibers are stretched beyond thier normal limit

Repeated application of force over time (cumalative trauma) over a long period of time