Principles Of Infection I
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What are microorganisms?
Bacteria, virus, fungi that are too small to be seen by the naked eye They can exist as a single cell or in a colony of cells
Classifications of microorganisms.
Helminths = Animals Fungi = Fungi Algae = Algae Protozoa = Protozoa Archer = crenachaeota
What is the definition of Infection?
A transmissible, communicable form of disease which is caused by microorganisms (Including Viruses)
What are the five stages of infection?
Incubation Prodromal Illness Decline Convalescence
Give examples of different sub-types of infection
Viral Fungal Parasitic Bacterial
What cell type is a bacterial cell?
Eukaryotic
What type of infection is easier to treat/Kill with antibiotics?
Gram positive
What are the key features of bacterial cells?
There is no nucleus They have a peptidogyclan cell wall. Have circular DNA Lack of membrane bound organelles
What are the two gram stains that can be achieved?
Gram positive Gram negative
What is the innate immune system?
Non-specific defence system which can act quickly; within minutes and hours Present from birth innate immune responses are the first line of defence against invading pathogens.
What are anatomical barriers?
Tough/ intact barriers which prevent entry and colonisation of many microbes
List Examples of anatomical barriers
Skin Mucous membranes Bony encasements
What are antimicrobial peptides?
Very small and can kill bacteria directly
What is the first line of defence of all multicellular organisms?
Antimicrobial peptides
What are the different types of white blood cells
Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Lymphocytes
What is the mechanism of the innate immune system?
Skin Chemicals in the blood Immune system. cells attack foreign cells in the body
What is the adaptive immune system?
Highly specialised systems that take longer to produce (time) to produce antigens within the body.
Give some examples of antimicrobial peptides?
Cationic peptides noncationic peptides Glycopeptide vancomycin
What are cationic peptides?
Short peptides secreted by the immune/ epithelial cells
What cells are involves in cell mediated response?
T - cells
What cells does the humeral response involve?
Antimicrobial peptides, antibodies B cells/ antibodies
What are the 2 responses antibodies are involved in?
Primary & secondary response
What does the primary response involve?
Memory cells are low in levels, slower response
What does the secondary response involve?
Memory cells are high in levels Much faster response