C4.3/C4.4/C4.5/C4.6/C4.9 - Chemical Calculations
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limiting reactant
-reactant that gets used up first in a reaction -lower quantity of moles
yield
mass of product that a chemical reaction produces
percentage yield
-actual mass of desired product/ theoretical max mass of desired product x 100
factors affecting percentage yield (5)
-reactions may be reversible -unwanted products produced -products lost in transit -reactants may be impure -product lost in during its separation from reactant mixture
atom economy
a measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products
why is it important to maximise atom economy in industries
-to conserve Earth’s resources + minimise pollution
why is it important to maximise atom economy in industries
-to conserve Earth’s resources + minimise pollution
work out percentage atom economy
-Mr from desired product/ sum of Mr of reactant from equation x 100
concentration
-g/dm3 -amount of solute/volume of solution
dm3 to cm3
x 1000
increase concentration
-add more solute -evaporate solution
volume of 1 mol of any gas
24 dm3 -at 20 .c and 1 atmosphere
24dm3 per mole
molar gas volume
number of moles of gases =
volume of gas /24dm3
ratio of number of moles of gas in balanced equation =
-ratio of volume of gas involved -same value
mole/dm3 to g/dm3
Multiply by mr value